:root {
  --ieee-blue: #003f7d;
  --ieee-blue-dark: #08245c;
  --ieee-blue-deep: #06193f;
  --ieee-blue-soft: #eaf3ff;
  --gold: #c99a2e;
  --gold-light: #f4d37a;
  --ink: #1f2937;
  --muted: #667085;
  --bg: #f7f9fc;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --border: #d8e0ea;
  --shadow: 0 14px 35px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.14);
  --radius: 18px;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--bg);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  display: block;
}

.container,
.topbar-inner,
.nav-inner {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.topbar {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-deep);
  color: #eaf3ff;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.topbar-inner {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 9px 0;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.site-header {
  background: var(--white);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.nav-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  min-height: 86px;
}

.brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.brand-mark {
  width: 54px;
  height: 54px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ieee-blue-dark), var(--gold));
  color: white;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(8, 36, 92, 0.25);
}

.brand-title {
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  line-height: 1.1;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.brand-subtitle {
  display: block;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-top: 4px;
}

nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.menu {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 22px;
}

.menu > li {
  position: relative;
}

.menu > li > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 31px 0;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.menu > li > a:hover,
.dropdown:hover > a {
  color: var(--gold);
}

.dropdown > a::after {
  content: " ▼";
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  vertical-align: 1px;
}

.submenu {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  min-width: 245px;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-top: 4px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 0 0 14px 14px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.18);
  z-index: 1200;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.submenu li a {
  display: block;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;
}

.submenu li:last-child a {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.submenu li a:hover {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  color: var(--gold);
}

.dropdown:hover > .submenu,
.dropdown:focus-within > .submenu {
  display: block;
}

.hero {
  background:
    linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.95), rgba(0, 63, 125, 0.76)),
    radial-gradient(circle at 82% 12%, rgba(244, 211, 122, 0.35), transparent 36%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #08245c, #003f7d);
  color: white;
  padding: 94px 0 78px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 430px;
  height: 430px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: 50%;
  right: -120px;
  top: -90px;
}

.hero-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.45fr 0.85fr;
  gap: 38px;
  align-items: center;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.kicker,
.eyebrow {
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.hero h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 4.7rem);
  line-height: 1;
  max-width: 880px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.hero p {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  max-width: 760px;
  color: #edf5ff;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.hero-meta {
  display: flex;
  gap: 16px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: 22px 0 30px;
}

.hero-meta span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 9px 14px;
  color: #f5f9ff;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 12px 20px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--gold);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-deep);
  font-weight: 800;
  border: 2px solid var(--gold);
  transition: 0.2s ease;
}

.btn:hover {
  background: var(--gold-light);
  border-color: var(--gold-light);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.btn.secondary {
  background: transparent;
  color: white;
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}

.btn.secondary:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-color: white;
}

.hero-card {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px;
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.hero-card h2 {
  color: var(--gold-light);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.date-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
}

.date-list li {
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}

.date-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.date-list strong {
  display: block;
  color: white;
}

.date-list span {
  color: #dbeafe;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
}

section {
  padding: 72px 0;
}

.section-title {
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  max-width: 780px;
}

.section-title .eyebrow {
  color: var(--gold);
}

.section-title h2 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.7rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.section-title p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.highlight {
  background: var(--white);
}

.split {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
}

.cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 22px;
}

.card {
  background: white;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.06);
}

.card h3 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
}

.card p,
.card li {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.card ul {
  padding-left: 18px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.card a {
  color: var(--ieee-blue);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.panel {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  color: white;
  padding: 34px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border-top: 6px solid var(--gold);
}

.panel h3 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.panel p {
  color: #eaf3ff;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

/* Homepage welcome/publication block */
.welcome-home {
  align-items: start;
}

.welcome-copy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 16px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.welcome-actions {
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.publication-panel {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  color: white;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border-top: 6px solid var(--gold);
}

.publication-panel h3 {
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: white;
}

.publication-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.publication-list li {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  padding: 11px 13px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: #eaf3ff;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.publication-list strong {
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

.news {
  display: grid;
  gap: 16px;
}

.news-item {
  background: white;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--gold);
  padding: 20px 22px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.news-item strong {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.news-item span {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.journals {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
}

.journal {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  padding: 13px 15px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.venue-band {
  background:
    linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.94), rgba(0, 63, 125, 0.84)),
    linear-gradient(45deg, #123, #456);
  color: white;
}

.venue-band .section-title h2,
.venue-band .section-title p {
  color: white;
}

.venue-box {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px;
}

.venue-box h3 {
  color: var(--gold-light);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.site-footer {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-deep);
  color: white;
  padding: 48px 0 24px;
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.25fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
}

.site-footer h3,
.site-footer h4 {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: var(--gold-light);
}

.site-footer p,
.site-footer a {
  color: #dbeafe;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.site-footer ul {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
}

.copyright {
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  padding-top: 18px;
  color: #cfe3ff;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 14px;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .nav-inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 16px 0;
  }

  .menu {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px 20px;
  }

  .menu > li > a {
    padding: 8px 0;
  }

  .submenu {
    top: calc(100% + 4px);
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-grid,
  .split,
  .footer-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .cards,
  .journals {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero {
    padding: 70px 0 56px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .container,
  .topbar-inner,
  .nav-inner {
    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);
  }

  .brand-title {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .menu {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .menu > li {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  }

  .submenu {
    position: static;
    min-width: auto;
    box-shadow: none;
    border-radius: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }
}

/* Torino hero carousel: right-side image card in the hero */
.hero-grid-with-carousel {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(390px, 0.86fr);
  gap: 46px;
}

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 790px;
}

.hero-image-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 430px;
  border-radius: 26px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.hero-image-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 2;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02), rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.68)),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.2), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));
  pointer-events: none;
}

.carousel-slides,
.carousel-slide {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
}

.carousel-slide {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(1.025);
  transition: opacity 0.9s ease, transform 6.5s ease;
}

.carousel-slide.active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1);
}

.carousel-slide img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.carousel-control {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  background: rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.5);
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.9rem;
  line-height: 1;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  z-index: 4;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  transition: 0.2s ease;
}

.carousel-control:hover,
.carousel-control:focus-visible {
  background: var(--gold);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-deep);
  border-color: var(--gold);
}

.carousel-prev {
  left: 16px;
}

.carousel-next {
  right: 16px;
}

.carousel-caption {
  position: absolute;
  left: 24px;
  right: 24px;
  bottom: 48px;
  z-index: 3;
  color: white;
}

.carousel-caption strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.carousel-caption span {
  display: block;
  color: #edf5ff;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.carousel-dots {
  position: absolute;
  left: 24px;
  bottom: 22px;
  display: flex;
  gap: 9px;
  z-index: 4;
}

.carousel-dot {
  width: 11px;
  height: 11px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.38);
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 0;
  transition: 0.2s ease;
}

.carousel-dot.active,
.carousel-dot:hover,
.carousel-dot:focus-visible {
  width: 30px;
  background: var(--gold-light);
  border-color: var(--gold-light);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-grid-with-carousel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-image-card {
    min-height: 320px;
  }

  .carousel-control {
    display: none;
  }
}


/* Hero balance refinement: match left conference block height with right Torino carousel */
.hero-grid-with-carousel {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(420px, 1fr);
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 48px;
}

.hero-copy {
  max-width: 690px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

.hero .hero-copy h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 4.15vw, 4.15rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  max-width: 700px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
}

.hero .hero-copy p {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 660px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.hero-meta {
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 18px 0 26px;
}

.hero-meta span {
  padding: 8px 14px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.hero-image-card {
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 0;
}

@media (min-width: 901px) {
  .hero-grid-with-carousel {
    min-height: 520px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero .hero-copy h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 9vw, 3.25rem);
  }

  .hero-image-card {
    min-height: 320px;
  }
}

/* Inner page layout */
.menu > li > a.active {
  color: var(--gold);
}

.page-hero {
  background:
    linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.94), rgba(0, 63, 125, 0.78)),
    radial-gradient(circle at 84% 12%, rgba(244, 211, 122, 0.32), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(135deg, #08245c, #003f7d);
  color: white;
  padding: 70px 0 78px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.page-hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 360px;
  height: 360px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  border-radius: 50%;
  right: -110px;
  top: -110px;
}

.breadcrumb {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
  color: #dbeafe;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.breadcrumb a {
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.breadcrumb span::before {
  content: "/";
  margin-right: 9px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}

.page-hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 820px;
}

.page-hero-content h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 5vw, 4.3rem);
  line-height: 1.04;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.page-hero-content p {
  color: #edf5ff;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  max-width: 720px;
}

.page-content-section {
  padding: 72px 0;
}

.content-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: start;
}

.content-card,
.sidebar-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.06);
}

.content-card {
  padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 48px);
}

.welcome-message {
  font-size: 1.04rem;
}

.welcome-message p + p {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.welcome-message .lead {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.28rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.welcome-message blockquote {
  margin: 30px 0;
  padding: 24px 28px;
  border-left: 6px solid var(--gold);
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-weight: 800;
  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;
}

.signature-block {
  margin-top: 34px;
  padding-top: 24px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.content-sidebar {
  display: grid;
  gap: 22px;
  position: sticky;
  top: 112px;
}

.sidebar-card {
  padding: 24px;
}

.sidebar-card h2 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.28rem;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.sidebar-card p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.image-card {
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.image-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 230px;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.fact-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
}

.fact-list li {
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;
}

.fact-list li:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.fact-list strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}

.fact-list span {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.gold-card {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .content-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .content-sidebar {
    position: static;
  }
}

/* Committee page styles */
.page-hero-committee {
  background:
    linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(0, 43, 87, 0.94), rgba(0, 63, 125, 0.78)),
    url('../images/torino_monte_cappuccini.jpg') center/cover no-repeat;
}

.centered-title {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: center;
}

.committee-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.committee-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.07);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.committee-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.14);
}

.committee-card.featured-chair {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
}

.committee-photo-wrap {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.committee-photo-wrap img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.committee-card-body {
  padding: 22px;
}

.role-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(201, 154, 46, 0.14);
  color: var(--gold);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.committee-card h3 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.16rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.committee-card p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .committee-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .committee-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
  .committee-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Authors: Call for Papers & Submission page */
.page-hero-authors {
  background:
    linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(0, 43, 87, 0.94), rgba(0, 63, 125, 0.78)),
    url('../images/torino_piazza_castello.jpg') center/cover no-repeat;
}

.authors-content {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
}

.content-block + .content-block {
  margin-top: 42px;
  padding-top: 38px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.content-block h2 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2vw, 2rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.content-block h3 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
}

.content-block p + p {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.text-link {
  color: var(--ieee-blue);
  font-weight: 800;
  border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(201, 154, 46, 0.45);
}

.text-link:hover {
  color: var(--gold);
  border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
}

.deadline-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.deadline-box {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  border: 1px solid #cfe0f5;
  border-left: 6px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 22px;
}

.deadline-date {
  display: block;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.deadline-box strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.check-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 18px 0;
}

.check-list li {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 30px;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.check-list li::before {
  content: "✓";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  color: var(--gold);
  font-weight: 900;
}

.journal-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 20px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.journal-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-top: 5px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 22px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.06);
}

.journal-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.journal-card p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.requirement-note {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--ieee-blue);
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.5;
  padding: 12px 14px;
  margin: 14px 0;
}

.link-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 16px;
}

.link-row a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  padding: 9px 13px;
}

.link-row a:hover {
  background: var(--gold);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-deep);
}

.notice-box {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 26px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.notice-box h2 {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.important-notice {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff8e5, #ffffff);
  border-left: 6px solid var(--gold);
}

.important-notice strong {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
}

.sidebar-nav-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.sidebar-nav-list a {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-weight: 800;
  padding: 8px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #edf2f7;
}

.sidebar-nav-list a:hover {
  color: var(--gold);
}

.fact-list.compact {
  gap: 10px;
}

.fact-list.compact li {
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .deadline-grid,
  .journal-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Important Dates page */
.lead-paragraph {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.06rem;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.date-timeline {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
  margin-top: 22px;
  position: relative;
}

.timeline-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 22px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.timeline-date {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 18px;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.25;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--gold);
}

.timeline-content {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: 16px;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.05);
}

.timeline-content h3 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.timeline-content p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .timeline-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 10px;
  }
}

/* Journal Tracks page */
.track-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 22px;
}

.track-card {
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-left: 6px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 26px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.06);
}

.track-label {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-width: 86px;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.track-card h2 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.track-card p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.btn.small {
  padding: 10px 15px;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}


/* Registration and placeholder page enhancements */
.compact-info-grid {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin: 18px 0 20px;
}
.info-card {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 18px;
}
.info-card strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.info-card span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.under-construction-box,
.under-construction-inline {
  background: #fff8e6;
  border: 1px solid #f1d48c;
  border-left: 5px solid var(--gold);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 20px 22px;
}
.under-construction-box strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .compact-info-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}


/* Clickable cards and in-page journal links */
.clickable-card {
  display: block;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.clickable-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.16);
  border-color: var(--gold);
}

.journal-card h3 a,
.fact-list.compact a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.journal-card h3 a:hover,
.fact-list.compact a:hover strong {
  color: var(--gold);
}

.fact-list.compact a {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 12px;
  width: 100%;
}

/* v11 carousel brightness refinement */
.hero-image-card::before {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0), rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.28)),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.06), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));
}

.carousel-caption {
  left: 18px;
  right: 18px;
  bottom: 42px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.12), rgba(6, 25, 63, 0.68));
  backdrop-filter: blur(2px);
}

.carousel-dots {
  left: 36px;
  bottom: 22px;
}

/* Venue page */
.page-hero-venue {
  background:
    linear-gradient(110deg, rgba(0, 43, 87, 0.86), rgba(0, 63, 125, 0.58)),
    url('../images/polito_corso_duca.jpg') center/cover no-repeat;
}

.venue-intro-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.1fr) minmax(320px, 0.9fr);
  gap: 30px;
  align-items: start;
}

.venue-feature-image {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.14);
  background: var(--white);
}

.venue-feature-image img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 360px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.venue-feature-image figcaption,
.venue-gallery-card figcaption {
  padding: 14px 18px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  background: var(--white);
}

.venue-highlights {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.venue-highlight {
  background: var(--ieee-blue-soft);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 18px;
}

.venue-highlight strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.venue-highlight span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.venue-gallery {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.venue-gallery-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.07);
}

.venue-gallery-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 230px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.video-embed-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 38px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.12);
}

.video-embed-frame {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  background: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
}

.video-embed-frame iframe {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: 0;
}

.video-embed-body {
  padding: 22px;
}

.video-embed-body h3 {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.video-embed-body p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .venue-intro-grid,
  .venue-highlights,
  .venue-gallery {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .venue-feature-image img,
  .venue-gallery-card img {
    height: 260px;
  }
}

/* Venue video link card */
.video-link-card {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 18px;
  min-height: 360px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(0, 40, 90, 0.16);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  background: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
}

.video-link-card img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 420px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
  filter: brightness(0.9);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, filter 0.25s ease;
}

.video-link-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0, 20, 60, 0.55), rgba(0, 20, 60, 0.08));
}

.video-link-card:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.03);
  filter: brightness(1);
}

.video-play-button {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  z-index: 2;
  width: 84px;
  height: 84px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
  font-size: 2rem;
  padding-left: 5px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
}

.video-link-caption {
  position: absolute;
  left: 28px;
  bottom: 24px;
  z-index: 2;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}


/* Official ISICAS 2026 logo */
.brand-logo {
  width: 72px;
  height: 72px;
  object-fit: contain;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: block;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .brand-logo { width: 62px; height: 62px; }
}

/* Technical Program Committee */
.tpc-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}
.tpc-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 0.8fr) minmax(280px, 2fr);
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 18px 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border, #dfe5ee);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--gold, #c9a227);
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: #fff;
}
.tpc-entry strong {
  color: var(--ieee-blue-dark, #102b5c);
}
.tpc-entry span {
  color: var(--text, #38465a);
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .tpc-entry {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 6px;
  }
}

/* Consistent footer links */
.site-footer .footer-grid a {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

/* ==========================================================
   Mobile / Responsive Enhancements — ISICAS 2026 v16
   ========================================================== */
.mobile-menu-toggle{display:none;width:46px;height:42px;padding:8px;border:1px solid rgba(16,43,92,.15);border-radius:10px;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;align-items:center;justify-content:center;flex-direction:column;gap:5px;flex-shrink:0}
.mobile-menu-toggle span{display:block;width:23px;height:2px;background:var(--ieee-blue-dark,#102b5c);border-radius:10px;transition:transform .2s ease,opacity .2s ease}
.mobile-menu-toggle.is-active span:nth-child(1){transform:translateY(7px) rotate(45deg)}
.mobile-menu-toggle.is-active span:nth-child(2){opacity:0}
.mobile-menu-toggle.is-active span:nth-child(3){transform:translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg)}
img,video,iframe{max-width:100%}
@media(max-width:980px){
  .topbar-inner,.nav-inner,.container{width:min(100% - 28px,1180px)}
  .topbar-inner{gap:8px;font-size:.8rem}
  .nav-inner{position:relative;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:12px 0;gap:12px}
  .brand{min-width:0;gap:10px}.brand-logo{width:54px!important;height:54px!important}.brand h1{font-size:1.05rem}.brand span{font-size:.75rem}
  .mobile-menu-toggle{display:flex}
  #main-navigation{display:none;position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 1px);left:0;right:0;z-index:1100;background:#fff;border-top:1px solid var(--border,#d8e0ea);box-shadow:0 16px 28px rgba(0,30,70,.16);max-height:calc(100vh - 95px);overflow-y:auto}
  #main-navigation.is-open{display:block}
  #main-navigation .menu{display:block;padding:8px 0 14px}
  #main-navigation .menu>li{position:relative;width:100%;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(16,43,92,.08)}
  #main-navigation .menu>li>a{display:block;padding:14px 18px;font-size:1rem}
  #main-navigation .dropdown>a{padding-right:50px}
  #main-navigation .dropdown>a::after{content:"▾";position:absolute;right:18px;font-size:.8rem;transition:transform .2s ease}
  #main-navigation .dropdown.mobile-open>a::after{transform:rotate(180deg)}
  #main-navigation .submenu{position:static;display:none;min-width:0;width:100%;margin:0;padding:0 0 8px;border:0;border-top:1px solid rgba(16,43,92,.06);border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;background:#f7f9fc}
  #main-navigation .dropdown:hover>.submenu{display:none}
  #main-navigation .dropdown.mobile-open>.submenu{display:block}
  #main-navigation .submenu a{padding:11px 28px;white-space:normal;font-size:.94rem}
  .hero,.hero-side,.hero-section{padding-top:48px;padding-bottom:48px}
  .hero-grid,.hero-side-grid,.hero-layout,.split{grid-template-columns:1fr!important;gap:28px!important}
  .hero-copy,.hero-content{max-width:100%!important}
  .hero h2,.hero-title,.page-hero h1{font-size:clamp(2.15rem,8vw,3.5rem)!important;line-height:1.04}
  .hero p,.hero-copy p{font-size:1rem}.hero-actions{gap:10px}.hero-actions .btn{width:auto}
  .hero-tags,.hero-meta,.hero-pills{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}
  .carousel,.hero-carousel,.carousel-shell,.carousel-wrapper{width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;min-height:0!important}
  .carousel img,.hero-carousel img,.carousel-slide img{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:520px;object-fit:cover}
  section{padding-top:52px;padding-bottom:52px}
  .cards,.journal-grid,.committee-grid,.venue-grid,.program-grid,.footer-grid,.content-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr!important}
  .card,.content-card,.journal-card,.committee-card,.panel{min-width:0}
  .committee-card img,.person-card img,.speaker-card img{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:420px;object-fit:cover}
  .journals{grid-template-columns:1fr!important}.tpc-entry{grid-template-columns:1fr!important}
  table{min-width:680px}.table-wrap,.responsive-table,.content-card:has(table){overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}
  .site-footer .footer-grid{gap:24px}.site-footer .footer-bottom{text-align:center}
}
@media(max-width:600px){
  .topbar-inner{display:block;text-align:center;line-height:1.45}.topbar-inner>div+div{margin-top:3px}
  .nav-inner,.container,.topbar-inner{width:calc(100% - 22px)}
  .brand-logo{width:46px!important;height:46px!important}.brand h1{font-size:.95rem}.brand span{display:none}
  .hero,.page-hero{padding-top:36px;padding-bottom:36px}
  .hero h2,.hero-title,.page-hero h1{font-size:clamp(1.9rem,10vw,2.75rem)!important}
  .section-title h2{font-size:1.75rem}.hero-actions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr}.hero-actions .btn{width:100%;text-align:center}.btn{padding:11px 16px}
  .hero-tags>*,.hero-meta>*,.hero-pills>*{font-size:.82rem}
  .carousel-caption{padding:18px!important}.carousel-caption h3{font-size:1.2rem!important}.carousel-caption p{font-size:.88rem!important}
  .card,.content-card,.journal-card,.panel{padding:20px!important}.page-content-section{padding-top:36px;padding-bottom:44px}.breadcrumbs{font-size:.82rem}
  .committee-card img,.person-card img,.speaker-card img{max-height:360px}
  .site-footer{padding-top:34px}.site-footer .footer-grid{text-align:left}
}